A2OS/source/Unix.I386.Machine.Mod

MODULE Machine;	(** AUTHOR "pjm, G.F."; PURPOSE "Bootstrapping, configuration and machine interface"; *)


IMPORT S := SYSTEM, Trace, Unix, Glue;

CONST
	DefaultConfig = "Color 0  StackSize 128";
	
	Version = "Aos (rev.6275)";

	DefaultObjectFileExtension* = ".Obj";
	
	Second* = 1000; (* frequency of ticks increments in Hz *)

	(** bits in features variable *)
	MTTR* = 12;  MMX* = 23; 
	
	AddrSize = SIZEOF( ADDRESS );
	SizeSize = SIZEOF( SIZE );
	
	BlockSize = 32;
	MemBlockSize* = 64*1024*1024;
	
	TraceOutput* = 0;	(* Trace output *)
	Memory* = 1;		(*!  Virtual memory management, stack and page allocation,  not used in UnixAos *)
	Heaps* = 2;   		(* Storage allocation and Garbage collection *)
	Interrupts* = 3;		(*!  Interrupt handling,  not used in UnixAos *)
	Modules* = 4;		(* Module list *)
	Objects* = 5;		(*!  Ready queue,  not used in UnixAos *)
	Processors* = 6;	(*!  Interprocessor interrupts,  not used in UnixAos *)
	KernelLog* = 7;		(* Atomic output *)
	X11* = 8;				(* XWindows I/O *)
	Trap* = 9;
	GC* = 10;
	MaxLocks* = 11;   (* { <= 32 } *)
	
	MaxCPU* = 4;
	

TYPE	
	Vendor* = ARRAY 13 OF CHAR;	

	MemoryBlock* = POINTER TO MemoryBlockDesc;
	MemoryBlockDesc* = RECORD
		next- {UNTRACED}: MemoryBlock;
		startAdr-: ADDRESS; 		(* sort key in linked list of memory blocks *)
		size-: SIZE; 					
		beginBlockAdr-, endBlockAdr-: ADDRESS
	END;
	
	(** processor state, ordering of record fields is predefined! *)
		(*!(not used in UnixAos, for interface compatibility only)*)
	State* = RECORD					(* offsets used in FieldInterrupt, FieldIRQ and Objects.RestoreState *)
		EDI*, ESI*, ERR*, ESP0*, EBX*, EDX*, ECX*, EAX*: LONGINT;	(** ESP0 = ADR(s.INT) *)
		INT*, BP*, PC*, CS*: LONGINT;	(* BP and ERR are exchanged by glue code, for procedure link *)
		FLAGS*: SET;
		SP*, SS*: LONGINT;			(** only valid if (VMBit IN s.EFLAGS) OR (CS MOD 4 < s.CS MOD 4) *)
		ES*, DS*, FS*, GS*: LONGINT;	(** only valid if (VMBit IN s.FLAGS) *)
	END;
	
	
VAR
	mtx	: ARRAY MaxLocks OF Unix.Mutex_t;
	
	version-: ARRAY 64 OF CHAR;	(** Aos version *)
	
	features-, features2 : SET;
	MMXSupport-	: BOOLEAN;
	SSESupport-	: BOOLEAN;
	SSE2Support-	: BOOLEAN;
	SSE3Support-	: BOOLEAN;
	SSSE3Support-	: BOOLEAN;
	SSE41Support-	: BOOLEAN;
	SSE42Support-	: BOOLEAN;
	SSE5Support-	: BOOLEAN;
	AVXSupport-		: BOOLEAN;
	
	ticks-: LONGINT;	(** timer ticks. Use Kernel.GetTicks() to read, don't write *)
	
	prioLow-, prioHigh-: LONGINT;	(* permitted thread priorities *)
	
	fcr-: SET;	(** default floating-point control register value (default rounding mode is towards -infinity, for ENTIER) *)
	mhz-: HUGEINT;	(** clock rate of GetTimer in MHz, or 0 if not known *)
	
	standaloneAppl-: BOOLEAN;
	
	firstMemBlock: MemoryBlockDesc;		(* pseudo heap *)
	
	memBlockHead-{UNTRACED}, memBlockTail-{UNTRACED}: MemoryBlock; (* head and tail of sorted list of memory blocks *)
	
	config: ARRAY 2048 OF CHAR;	(* config strings *)
	
	thrInitialize	: PROCEDURE {REALTIME, C} ( VAR low, high: LONGINT ): BOOLEAN;
	
	mtxInit			: PROCEDURE {REALTIME, C} ( dummy: LONGINT ): Unix.Mutex_t;
	mtxDestroy	: PROCEDURE {REALTIME, C} ( mtx: Unix.Mutex_t );
	mtxLock		: PROCEDURE {REALTIME, C} ( mtx: Unix.Mutex_t );
	mtxUnlock	: PROCEDURE {REALTIME, C} ( mtx: Unix.Mutex_t );
	
	conInit			: PROCEDURE {REALTIME, C}  ( dummy: LONGINT ): Unix.Condition_t;
	conDestroy	: PROCEDURE {REALTIME, C}  ( cond: Unix.Condition_t );
	conWait		: PROCEDURE {REALTIME, C}  ( cond: Unix.Condition_t;  mtx: Unix.Mutex_t );
	conSignal		: PROCEDURE {REALTIME, C}  ( cond: Unix.Condition_t );
	
	thrSleep		: PROCEDURE {REALTIME, C} ( ms: LONGINT );
	thrThis			: PROCEDURE {REALTIME, C} ( dummy: LONGINT ): Unix.Thread_t;
	

	
	logfile: LONGINT;
	traceHeap: BOOLEAN;
	
	timer0	: HUGEINT;

(** -- Processor identification -- *)

	(** Return current processor ID (0 to MaxNum-1). *)
	PROCEDURE {REALTIME} ID* (): LONGINT;
	BEGIN
		RETURN 0
	END ID;
		
		
	(* insert given memory block in sorted list of memory blocks, sort key is startAdr field - called during GC *)
	PROCEDURE InsertMemoryBlock(memBlock: MemoryBlock);
	VAR cur {UNTRACED}, prev {UNTRACED}: MemoryBlock;
	BEGIN
		cur := memBlockHead;
		prev := NIL;
		WHILE (cur # NIL) & (cur.startAdr < memBlock.startAdr) DO
			prev := cur;
			cur := cur.next
		END;
		IF prev = NIL THEN (* insert at head of list *)
			memBlock.next := memBlockHead;
			memBlockHead := memBlock
		ELSE (* insert in middle or at end of list *)
			prev.next := memBlock;
			memBlock.next := cur;
			IF cur = NIL THEN
				memBlockTail := memBlock
			END
		END
	END InsertMemoryBlock;

		
	(* Free unused memory block - called during GC *)
	PROCEDURE FreeMemBlock*(memBlock: MemoryBlock);
	VAR cur {UNTRACED}, prev {UNTRACED}: MemoryBlock;
	BEGIN
		cur := memBlockHead;
		prev := NIL;
		WHILE (cur # NIL) & (cur # memBlock) DO
			prev := cur;
			cur := cur.next
		END;
		IF cur = memBlock THEN 
			IF traceHeap THEN  
				Trace.String( "Release memory block " );  Trace.Hex( memBlock.startAdr, -8 );  Trace.Ln
			END;
			IF prev = NIL THEN
				memBlockHead := cur.next
			ELSE
				prev.next := cur.next;
				IF cur.next = NIL THEN
					memBlockTail := prev
				END
			END;
			Unix.free( memBlock.startAdr )
		ELSE
			HALT(535)	(* error in memory block management *)
		END;
	END FreeMemBlock;

	

	(* expand heap by allocating a new memory block *)
	PROCEDURE ExpandHeap*( dummy: LONGINT; size: SIZE; VAR beginBlockAdr, endBlockAdr: ADDRESS );
	VAR mBlock: MemoryBlock;  alloc, s: SIZE;  a, adr: ADDRESS; 
	BEGIN 
		IF size < (MemBlockSize - (2*BlockSize))  THEN  alloc := MemBlockSize  
		ELSE  alloc := size + (2*BlockSize);
		END;  
		INC( alloc, (-alloc) MOD Unix.PageSize );
		
		IF Unix.posix_memalign( adr, Unix.PageSize, alloc ) # 0 THEN
			Unix.Perror( "Machine.ExpandHeap: posix_memalign" );
			beginBlockAdr := 0;
			endBlockAdr := 0
		ELSE
			IF Unix.mprotect( adr, alloc, 7 (* READ WRITE EXEC *) ) # 0 THEN
				Unix.Perror( "Machine.ExpandHeap: mprotect" )
			END;
			
			mBlock := S.VAL( MemoryBlock, adr );  
			mBlock.next := NIL;  
			mBlock.startAdr := adr;
			mBlock.size := alloc;  
			mBlock.beginBlockAdr := adr + BlockSize - AddrSize;  
			
			ASSERT( (mBlock.beginBlockAdr + AddrSize) MOD BlockSize = 0 );  

			s := adr + alloc - mBlock.beginBlockAdr - BlockSize; 
			DEC( s, s MOD BlockSize );  
			ASSERT( s >= size );  
			mBlock.endBlockAdr := mBlock.beginBlockAdr + s; 
			
			InsertMemoryBlock( mBlock );
			IF traceHeap THEN TraceHeap( mBlock )  END;
			
			a := mBlock.beginBlockAdr;
			S.PUT( a, a + AddrSize );	(* tag *)
			S.PUT( a + AddrSize, s - AddrSize );  (* size *)
			S.PUT( a + AddrSize + SizeSize, S.VAL( ADDRESS, 0 ) ); (* next *)
			
			beginBlockAdr := mBlock.beginBlockAdr;
			endBlockAdr := mBlock.endBlockAdr;
		END  
	END ExpandHeap;
	
	PROCEDURE TraceHeap( new: MemoryBlock );
	VAR cur{UNTRACED}: MemoryBlock;
	BEGIN
		Trace.Ln;
		Trace.String( "Heap expanded" );  Trace.Ln;
		cur := memBlockHead;
		WHILE cur # NIL DO
			Trace.Hex( cur.startAdr, -8 );  Trace.String( "   " );  Trace.Int( cur.size, 15 );
			IF cur = new THEN  Trace.String( "  (new)" )  END;
			Trace.Ln;
			cur := cur.next
		END
	END TraceHeap;

	
	(** Return information on free memory in Kbytes. *)
	PROCEDURE GetFreeK*(VAR total, lowFree, highFree: SIZE);
	BEGIN
		(* meaningless in Unix port, for interface compatibility only *)
		total := 0;
		lowFree := 0;
		highFree := 0
	END GetFreeK;

(** Fill "size" bytes at "destAdr" with "filler". "size" must be multiple of 4. *)
PROCEDURE {REALTIME} Fill32* (destAdr: ADDRESS; size: SIZE; filler: LONGINT);
CODE {SYSTEM.i386}
	MOV EDI, [EBP+destAdr]
	MOV ECX, [EBP+size]
	MOV EAX, [EBP+filler]
	TEST ECX, 3
	JZ ok
	PUSH 8	; ASSERT failure
	INT 3
ok:
	SHR ECX, 2
	CLD
	REP STOSD
END Fill32;



(** Return h*g. based on code from "AMD Athlon Processor x86 code optimization guide" *)
PROCEDURE {REALTIME} MulH* (h, g: HUGEINT): HUGEINT;
CODE {SYSTEM.i386}
	MOV EDX, [EBP+12]	; y_hi
	MOV ECX, [EBP+20]	; x_hi
	OR	 EDX, ECX		; are x_hi and y_hi both zeros?
	MOV EDX, [EBP+16]	; x_lo
	MOV EAX, [EBP+8]	; y_lo
	JNZ fullMul			; yes, requires full multiplication
	MUL EDX			; EDX:EAX := y_lo * x_lo
	JMP exit			; done, return to caller

fullMul:					; full multiplication is required

	MUL ECX			; EAX := LO(y_lo*x_hi)
	MOV EBX, EAX		; keep the result

	MOV EAX, [EBP+12] 	; y_hi
	MUL DWORD  [EBP+16]	; EAX := LO(y_hi*x_lo)
	ADD EBX, EAX 		; EBX := LO(y_lo*x_hi) + LO(y_hi*x_lo)

	MOV EAX, [EBP+8]	; y_lo
	MUL DWORD   [EBP+16]	; EDX := HI(y_lo*x_lo), EAX := LO(y_lo*x_lo)
	ADD EDX, EBX		; EDX := y_lo*x_hi + y_hi*x_lo + HI(y_lo*x_lo)
exit:
END MulH;

	
(** Return h DIV g. Rounding and division by zero behaviour is currently undefined. *)
PROCEDURE {REALTIME} DivH* (x, y: HUGEINT): HUGEINT;
CODE {SYSTEM.i386}
	MOV ECX, [EBP+12]	; y-hi
	MOV EBX, [EBP+8]	; y-lo
	MOV EDX, [EBP+20]	; x-hi
	MOV EAX, [EBP+16]	; x-lo				
	
	MOV ESI, ECX		; y-hi
	XOR ESI, EDX		; y-hi ^ x-hi
	SAR ESI, 31			; (quotient < 0) ? -1 : 0
	MOV EDI, EDX		; x-hi
	SAR EDI, 31			; (x < 0) ? -1 : 0
	XOR EAX, EDI		; if (x < 0)
	XOR EDX, EDI		; compute 1s complement of x
	SUB EAX, EDI		; if (x < 0)
	SBB EDX, EDI		; compute 2s complement of x
	MOV EDI, ECX		; y-hi
	SAR EDI, 31			; (y < 0) ? -1 : 0
	XOR EBX, EDI		; if (y < 0)
	XOR ECX, EDI		; compute 1s complement of y
	SUB EBX, EDI		; if (y < 0)
	SBB ECX, EDI		; compute 2s complement of y
	JNZ bigDivisor		; y > 2^32-1
	CMP EDX, EBX		; only one division needed ? (ECX = 0)
	JAE twoDivs			; need two divisions
	DIV EBX			; EAX = quotient-lo
	MOV EDX, ECX		; EDX = quotient-hi = 0
	; quotient in EDX:EAX
	XOR EAX, ESI		; if (quotient < 0)
	XOR EDX, ESI		; compute 1s complement of result
	SUB EAX, ESI		; if (quotient < 0)
	SBB EDX, ESI		; compute 2s complement of result
	JMP exit			; done, return to caller
	
twoDivs:
	MOV ECX, EAX		; save x-lo in ECX
	MOV EAX, EDX		; get x-hi
	XOR EDX, EDX		; zero extend it into EDX:EAX
	DIV EBX			; quotient-hi in EAX
	XCHG EAX, ECX		; ECX = quotient-hi, EAX = x-lo
	DIV EBX			; EAX = quotient-lo
	MOV EDX, ECX		; EDX = quotient-hi
	; quotient in EDX:EAX
	JMP makeSign		; make quotient signed

bigDivisor:
	SUB ESP, 12			; create three local variables
	MOV [ESP], EAX		; x-lo
	MOV [ESP+4], EBX	; y-lo
	MOV [ESP+8], EDX	; x-hi
	MOV EDI, ECX		; save y-hi
	SHR EDX, 1			; shift both
	RCR EAX, 1			; y and
	ROR EDI, 1			; and x
	RCR EBX, 1			; right by 1 bit
	BSR ECX, ECX		; ECX = number of remaining shifts
	SHRD EBX, EDI, CL	; scale down y and
	SHRD EAX, EDX, CL	; x such that y
	SHR EDX, CL		; less than 2^32 (i.e. fits in EBX)
	ROL EDI, 1			; restore original y-hi
	DIV EBX			; compute quotient
	MOV EBX, [ESP]		; x-lo
	MOV ECX, EAX		; save quotient
	IMUL EDI, EAX		; quotient * y hi-word (low only)
	MUL DWORD [ESP+4]	; quotient * y lo-word
	ADD EDX, EDI		; EDX:EAX = quotient * y
	SUB EBX, EAX		; x-lo - (quot.*y)-lo
	MOV EAX, ECX		; get quotient
	MOV ECX, [ESP+8]	; x-hi
	SBB ECX, EDX		; subtract y * quot. from x
	SBB EAX, 0			; adjust quotient if remainder negative
	XOR EDX, EDX		; clear hi-word of quotient
	ADD ESP, 12		; remove local variables

makeSign:
	XOR EAX, ESI		; if (quotient < 0)
	XOR EDX, ESI		; compute 1s complement of result
	SUB EAX, ESI		; if (quotient < 0)
	SBB EDX, ESI		; compute 2s complement of result
exit:
END DivH;


(** Return ASH(h, n). *)
PROCEDURE {REALTIME} -ASHH* (h: HUGEINT; n: LONGINT): HUGEINT;
CODE {SYSTEM.i386}
	POP ECX
	POP EAX
	POP EDX
	CMP ECX, 0
	JL right
	AND ECX, 63	; limit count, like ASH
	JZ exit
ll:
	SHL EAX, 1
	RCL EDX, 1
	DEC ECX
	JNZ ll
	JMP exit
right:
	NEG ECX
	AND ECX, 63	; limit count, like ASH
	JZ exit
lr:
	SAR EDX, 1
	RCR EAX, 1
	DEC ECX
	JNZ lr
exit:
END ASHH;

(** Return a HUGEINT composed of high and low. *)
PROCEDURE {REALTIME} -LInt2ToHInt* (high, low: LONGINT): HUGEINT;
CODE {SYSTEM.i386}
	POP EAX
	POP EDX
END LInt2ToHInt;

(** Return h as a LONGREAL, with possible loss of precision. *)
PROCEDURE {REALTIME} -HIntToLReal* (h: HUGEINT): LONGREAL;
CODE {SYSTEM.i386, SYSTEM.FPU}
	FILD QWORD [ESP]
	FWAIT
	ADD ESP, 8
END HIntToLReal;


PROCEDURE  Portin8*(port: LONGINT; VAR val: CHAR);
END Portin8;

PROCEDURE  Portin16*(port: LONGINT; VAR val: INTEGER);
END Portin16;

PROCEDURE  Portin32*(port: LONGINT; VAR val: LONGINT);
END Portin32;

PROCEDURE  Portout8*(port: LONGINT; val: CHAR);
END Portout8;

PROCEDURE  Portout16*(port: LONGINT; val: INTEGER);
END Portout16;

PROCEDURE  Portout32*(port: LONGINT; val: LONGINT);
END Portout32;


(* returns if an address is a currently allocated heap address *)
PROCEDURE ValidHeapAddress*( p: ADDRESS ): BOOLEAN;
VAR mb: MemoryBlock; 
BEGIN
	mb := memBlockHead;  
	WHILE mb # NIL DO
		IF (p >= mb.beginBlockAdr) & (p <= mb.endBlockAdr) THEN  RETURN TRUE  END;  
		mb := mb.next;  
	END;  
	RETURN FALSE  
END ValidHeapAddress;

PROCEDURE Ensure32BitAddress*( adr: ADDRESS ): LONGINT;
BEGIN
	RETURN adr
END Ensure32BitAddress;

PROCEDURE Is32BitAddress*( adr: ADDRESS ): BOOLEAN;
BEGIN  RETURN S.VAL( LONGINT, adr ) = adr;
END Is32BitAddress;


(** -- Atomic operations -- *)

(** Atomic INC(x). *)
PROCEDURE -AtomicInc*(VAR x: LONGINT);
CODE {SYSTEM.i386}
	POP EAX
	LOCK
	INC DWORD [EAX]
END AtomicInc;

(** Atomic DEC(x). *)
PROCEDURE -AtomicDec*(VAR x: LONGINT);
CODE {SYSTEM.i386}
	POP EAX
	LOCK
	DEC DWORD [EAX]
END AtomicDec;

(** Atomic INC(x, y). *)
PROCEDURE -AtomicAdd*(VAR x: LONGINT; y: LONGINT);
CODE {SYSTEM.i386}
	POP EBX
	POP EAX
	LOCK
	ADD DWORD [EAX], EBX
END AtomicAdd;


(** Atomic EXCL. *)
PROCEDURE AtomicExcl* (VAR s: SET; bit: LONGINT);
CODE {SYSTEM.i386}
	MOV EAX, [EBP+bit]
	MOV EBX, [EBP+s]
	LOCK
	BTR [EBX], EAX
END AtomicExcl;


(** Atomic test-and-set. Set x = TRUE and return old value of x. *)
PROCEDURE -AtomicTestSet*(VAR x: BOOLEAN): BOOLEAN;
CODE {SYSTEM.i386}
	POP EBX
	MOV AL, 1
	XCHG [EBX], AL
END AtomicTestSet;

(* Atomic compare-and-swap. Set x = new if x = old and return old value of x *)
PROCEDURE {REALTIME} -AtomicCAS* (VAR x: LONGINT; old, new: LONGINT): LONGINT;
CODE {SYSTEM.i386}
	POP EBX		; new
	POP EAX		; old
	POP ECX		; address of x
	DB 0F0X, 00FX, 0B1X, 019X	; LOCK CMPXCHG [ECX], EBX; atomicly compare x with old and set it to new if equal
END AtomicCAS;


(* Return current instruction pointer *)
PROCEDURE {REALTIME} CurrentPC* (): ADDRESS;
CODE {SYSTEM.i386}
	MOV EAX, [EBP+4]
END CurrentPC;

(* Return current frame pointer *)
PROCEDURE {REALTIME} -CurrentBP* (): ADDRESS;
CODE {SYSTEM.i386}
	MOV EAX, EBP
END CurrentBP;

(* Set current frame pointer *)
PROCEDURE {REALTIME} -SetBP* (bp: ADDRESS);
CODE {SYSTEM.i386}
	POP EBP
END SetBP;

(* Return current stack pointer *)
PROCEDURE {REALTIME} -CurrentSP* (): ADDRESS;
CODE {SYSTEM.i386}
	MOV EAX, ESP
END CurrentSP;

(* Set current stack pointer *)
PROCEDURE {REALTIME} -SetSP* (sp: ADDRESS);
CODE {SYSTEM.i386}
	POP ESP
END SetSP;

PROCEDURE {REALTIME} -GetEAX*(): LONGINT;
CODE{SYSTEM.i386}
END GetEAX;

PROCEDURE {REALTIME} -GetECX*(): LONGINT;
CODE{SYSTEM.i386}
	MOV EAX,ECX	
END GetECX;

PROCEDURE {REALTIME} -GetESI*(): LONGINT;
CODE{SYSTEM.i386}
	MOV EAX,ESI	
END GetESI;

PROCEDURE {REALTIME} -GetEDI*(): LONGINT;
CODE{SYSTEM.i386}
	MOV EAX,EDI	
END GetEDI;


PROCEDURE {REALTIME} -SetEAX*(n: LONGINT);
CODE{SYSTEM.i386}	
	POP EAX
END SetEAX;

PROCEDURE {REALTIME} -SetEBX*(n: LONGINT);
CODE{SYSTEM.i386}
	POP EBX
END SetEBX;

PROCEDURE {REALTIME} -SetECX*(n: LONGINT);
CODE{SYSTEM.i386}
	POP ECX
END SetECX;

PROCEDURE {REALTIME} -SetEDX*(n: LONGINT);
CODE{SYSTEM.i386}
	POP EDX
END SetEDX;

PROCEDURE {REALTIME} -SetESI*(n: LONGINT);
CODE{SYSTEM.i386}
	POP ESI
END SetESI;

PROCEDURE {REALTIME} -SetEDI*(n: LONGINT);
CODE{SYSTEM.i386}
	POP EDI
END SetEDI;


PROCEDURE -GetTimer* (): HUGEINT;
CODE {SYSTEM.Pentium}
	RDTSC	; set EDX:EAX
END GetTimer;


(** -- Configuration and bootstrapping -- *)

	(** Return the value of the configuration string specified by parameter name in parameter val. Returns val = "" if the string was not found, or has an empty value. *)
	PROCEDURE GetConfig* (CONST name: ARRAY OF CHAR; VAR val: ARRAY OF CHAR);
	VAR i, src: LONGINT; ch: CHAR;
	BEGIN
		ASSERT (name[0] # "=");	(* no longer supported, use GetInit instead *)
		src := -1;
		LOOP
			REPEAT
				INC( src );  ch := config[src]; 
				IF ch = 0X THEN EXIT END;
			UNTIL ch > ' ';
			i := 0;
			LOOP
				ch := config[src];
				IF (ch # name[i]) OR (name[i] = 0X) THEN EXIT END;
				INC (i); INC (src)
			END;
			IF (ch <= ' ') & (name[i] = 0X) THEN	(* found *)
				i := 0;
				REPEAT
					INC (src); ch := config[src]; val[i] := ch; INC (i);
					IF i = LEN(val) THEN val[i - 1] := 0X; RETURN END	(* val too short *)
				UNTIL ch <= ' ';
				IF ch = ' ' THEN val[i -1] := 0X END; 
				RETURN
			ELSE
				WHILE ch > ' ' DO	(* skip to end of name *)
					INC (src); ch := config[src]
				END;
				INC (src);
				REPEAT	(* skip to end of value *)
					ch := config[src]; INC (src)
				UNTIL ch <= ' '
			END
		END;
		val[0] := 0X
	END GetConfig;


	(** Convert a string to an integer. Parameter i specifies where in the string scanning should begin (usually 0 in the first call). Scanning stops at the first non-valid character, and i returns the updated position. Parameter s is the string to be scanned. The value is returned as result, or 0 if not valid. Syntax: number = ["-"] digit {digit} ["H" | "h"] . digit = "0" | ... "9" | "A" .. "F" | "a" .. "f" . If the number contains any hexdecimal letter, or if it ends in "H" or "h", it is interpreted as hexadecimal. *)
	PROCEDURE StrToInt* (VAR i: LONGINT; CONST s: ARRAY OF CHAR): LONGINT;
	VAR vd, vh, sgn, d: LONGINT; hex: BOOLEAN;
	BEGIN
		vd := 0; vh := 0; hex := FALSE;
		IF s[i] = "-" THEN sgn := -1; INC (i) ELSE sgn := 1 END;
		LOOP
			IF (s[i] >= "0") & (s[i] <= "9") THEN d := ORD (s[i])-ORD ("0")
			ELSIF (CAP (s[i]) >= "A") & (CAP (s[i]) <= "F") THEN d := ORD (CAP (s[i]))-ORD ("A") + 10; hex := TRUE
			ELSE EXIT
			END;
			vd := 10*vd + d; vh := 16*vh + d;
			INC (i)
		END;
		IF CAP (s[i]) = "H" THEN hex := TRUE; INC (i) END;	(* optional H *)
		IF hex THEN vd := vh END;
		RETURN sgn * vd
	END StrToInt;
	

	(* function returning the number of processors that are available to Aos *)
	PROCEDURE NumberOfProcessors*( ): LONGINT;
	BEGIN
		RETURN 1
	END NumberOfProcessors;

	(*! non portable code, for native Aos only *)
	PROCEDURE SetNumberOfProcessors*( num: LONGINT );
	BEGIN
		(* numberOfProcessors := num; *)
	END SetNumberOfProcessors;

	(* function for changing byte order *)
	PROCEDURE ChangeByteOrder* (n: LONGINT): LONGINT;
	CODE { SYSTEM.i486 }
		MOV EAX, [EBP+n]				; load n in eax
		BSWAP EAX						; swap byte order
	END ChangeByteOrder;


	(* Send and print character *)
	PROCEDURE TraceChar *(c: CHAR);
	BEGIN
		Trace.Char( c )
	END TraceChar;


	(** CPU identification *)

	PROCEDURE CPUID*( VAR vendor: Vendor;  VAR version: LONGINT;  VAR features1,features2: SET );
	CODE {SYSTEM.i386, SYSTEM.Pentium}
		MOV	EAX, 0
		CPUID
		CMP	EAX, 0
		JNE	ok
		MOV	ESI, [EBP+vendor]
		MOV	[ESI], AL	;  AL = 0
		MOV	ESI, [EBP+version]
		MOV	[ESI], EAX	;  EAX = 0
		MOV	ESI, [EBP+features1]
		MOV	[ESI], EAX
		MOV	ESI, [EBP+features2]
		MOV	[ESI], EAX
		JMP	end
	ok:
		MOV	ESI, [EBP+vendor]
		MOV	[ESI], EBX
		MOV	[ESI+4], EDX
		MOV	[ESI+8], ECX
		MOV	BYTE [ESI+12], 0
		MOV	EAX, 1
		CPUID
		MOV	ESI, [EBP+version]
		MOV	[ESI], EAX
		MOV	ESI, [EBP+features1]
		MOV	[ESI], EDX
		MOV	ESI, [EBP+features2]
		MOV	[ESI], ECX
	end:
	END CPUID;
	

	(* If the CPUID instruction is supported, the ID flag (bit 21) of the EFLAGS register is r/w *)
	PROCEDURE CpuIdSupported( ) : BOOLEAN;
	CODE {SYSTEM.i386}	
		PUSHFD				; save EFLAGS
		POP EAX				; store EFLAGS in EAX
		MOV EBX, EAX		; save EBX for later testing
		XOR EAX, 00200000H	; toggle bit 21
		PUSH EAX				; push to stack
		POPFD					; save changed EAX to EFLAGS
		PUSHFD				; push EFLAGS to TOS
		POP EAX				; store EFLAGS in EAX
		CMP EAX, EBX		; see if bit 21 has changed
		SETNE AL;			; return TRUE if bit 21 has changed, FALSE otherwise
	END CpuIdSupported;

	
	(* setup MMX, SSE and SSE2..SSE5 and AVX extension *)

	PROCEDURE SetupSSE2Ext;
	CONST
		MMXFlag=23;(*IN features from EBX*)
		FXSRFlag = 24;
		SSEFlag = 25;
		SSE2Flag = 26;
		SSE3Flag = 0; (*IN features2 from ECX*) (*PH 04/11*)
		SSSE3Flag =9;
		SSE41Flag =19;
		SSE42Flag =20;
		SSE5Flag = 11;
		AVXFlag = 28;
	BEGIN
		MMXSupport := MMXFlag IN features;
		SSESupport := SSEFlag IN features;
		SSE2Support := SSESupport & (SSE2Flag IN features);
		SSE3Support := SSE2Support & (SSE3Flag IN features2);
		SSSE3Support := SSE3Support & (SSSE3Flag IN features2); (* PH 04/11*)
		SSE41Support := SSE3Support & (SSE41Flag IN features2);
		SSE42Support := SSE3Support & (SSE42Flag IN features2);
		SSE5Support := SSE3Support & (SSE5Flag IN features2);
		AVXSupport := SSE3Support & (AVXFlag IN features2);

		IF SSESupport & (FXSRFlag IN features) THEN
			(* InitSSE(); *) (*! not privileged mode in Windows and Unix not allowed *)
		END;
	END SetupSSE2Ext;
	

	PROCEDURE -InitSSE;
	CODE {SYSTEM.Pentium, SYSTEM.Privileged}
		MOV	EAX, CR4
		OR		EAX, 00000200H		; set bit 9 (OSFXSR)
		AND	EAX, 0FFFFFBFFH	; delete bit 10 (OSXMMEXCPT)
		MOV	CR4, EAX
	END InitSSE;
	

	(** -- Processor initialization -- *)
	PROCEDURE -SetFCR( s: SET );
	CODE {SYSTEM.i386, SYSTEM.FPU}
		FLDCW	[ESP]	;  parameter s
		POP	EAX
	END SetFCR;

	PROCEDURE -FCR( ): SET;
	CODE {SYSTEM.i386, SYSTEM.FPU}
		PUSH	0
		FNSTCW	[ESP]
		FWAIT
		POP	EAX
	END FCR;

	PROCEDURE -InitFPU;
	CODE {SYSTEM.i386, SYSTEM.FPU}
		FNINIT
	END InitFPU;

	(** Setup FPU control word of current processor. *)
	PROCEDURE SetupFPU*;
	BEGIN
		InitFPU;  SetFCR( fcr )
	END SetupFPU;


	(* Initialize locks. *)
	PROCEDURE InitLocks;  
	VAR i: LONGINT;  
	BEGIN 
		i := 0;  
		WHILE i < MaxLocks DO  mtx[i] := mtxInit(0);  INC( i )  END;   
	END InitLocks;  

	PROCEDURE CleanupLocks*;  
	VAR i: LONGINT;  
	BEGIN 
		i := 0;  
		WHILE i < MaxLocks DO  mtxDestroy( mtx[i] );  INC( i ) END;  	
	END CleanupLocks;  
	
	(** Acquire a spin-lock. *)
	PROCEDURE  Acquire*( level: LONGINT );   (* non reentrant lock *)
	BEGIN 
		mtxLock( mtx[level] );
	END Acquire;  

	(** Release a spin-lock. *)
	PROCEDURE  Release*( level: LONGINT );   
	BEGIN 
		mtxUnlock( mtx[level] );
	END Release;  
	
	PROCEDURE Shutdown*( reboot: BOOLEAN );
	VAR ignore: LONGINT;
	BEGIN
		ignore := Unix.close( logfile );
		IF reboot THEN  Unix.exit( 0 )  ELSE  Unix.exit( 1 )  END;
	END Shutdown;
		

		

	PROCEDURE InitHeap;
	VAR heapAdr, firstBlock: ADDRESS; size: SIZE;  
	BEGIN
		Unix.Dlsym( 0, "heapAdr", ADDRESSOF( heapAdr ) );  
		Unix.Dlsym( 0, "heapSize", ADDRESSOF( size ) );  
		firstBlock := heapAdr + ((-heapAdr - AddrSize) MOD BlockSize);
		size := heapAdr + size - BlockSize - firstBlock;  DEC( size, size MOD BlockSize + BlockSize );

		firstMemBlock.next := NIL;
		firstMemBlock.startAdr := heapAdr;
		firstMemBlock.beginBlockAdr :=  firstBlock;
		firstMemBlock.endBlockAdr := firstBlock + size;  
		firstMemBlock.size := size;
	
		memBlockHead := S.VAL( MemoryBlock, ADDRESSOF( firstMemBlock ) );
		memBlockTail := memBlockHead;
	END InitHeap;

	PROCEDURE InitConfig;
	VAR a: ADDRESS;  i: LONGINT;  c: CHAR;
	BEGIN
		a := Unix.getenv( ADDRESSOF( "AOSCONFIG" ) );
		IF a = 0 THEN  config := DefaultConfig
		ELSE
			REPEAT
				S.GET( a, c );  INC( a );  config[i] := c;  INC( i )
			UNTIL c = 0X
		END
	END InitConfig;
	
	
	PROCEDURE UpdateTicks*;
	BEGIN
		ticks := SHORT( (GetTimer() - timer0) DIV (mhz * 1000) );
	END UpdateTicks;
	
	
	PROCEDURE InitThreads;
	VAR res: BOOLEAN; 
	BEGIN
		res := thrInitialize( prioLow, prioHigh );
		IF ~res THEN
			Trace.StringLn( "Machine.InitThreads: no threads support in boot environment.  teminating" ); 
			Unix.exit( 1 )
		END;
		IF Glue.debug # {} THEN
			Trace.String( "Threads initialized, priorities low, high: " ); 
			Trace.Int( prioLow, 0 ); Trace.String( ", " ); Trace.Int( prioHigh, 0 );
			Trace.Ln
		END
	END InitThreads;
	
	PROCEDURE CPUSpeed;
	VAR t0, t1: HUGEINT; 
	BEGIN
		t0 := GetTimer();  thrSleep( 100 );  t1 := GetTimer();
		mhz := (t1 - t0) DIV 100000;
		IF Glue.debug # {} THEN
			Trace.String( "CPU speed: ~" );  Trace.Int( SHORT( mhz ), 0);  Trace.String( " MHz" );  Trace.Ln
		END
	END CPUSpeed;
	
	PROCEDURE Log1( c: CHAR );
	VAR ignore: LONGINT;
	BEGIN
		ignore := Unix.write( 1, ADDRESSOF( c ), 1 );
		ignore := Unix.write( logfile, ADDRESSOF( c ), 1 );
	END Log1;
	
	PROCEDURE Log2( c: CHAR );
	VAR ignore: LONGINT;
	BEGIN
		ignore := Unix.write( logfile, ADDRESSOF( c ), 1 );
	END Log2;
	
	
	PROCEDURE InitLog;
	VAR name: ARRAY 32 OF CHAR;  pid, i, d: LONGINT;
	BEGIN
		name := "AOS.xxxxx.Log";
		pid := Unix.getpid();  i := 8;
		REPEAT
			name[i] := CHR( pid MOD 10 + ORD( '0' ) );  DEC( i );
			pid := pid DIV 10;		
		UNTIL i = 3;
		logfile := Unix.open( ADDRESSOF( name ), Unix.rdwr + Unix.creat + Unix.trunc, Unix.rwrwr );
		IF Unix.argc < 3 THEN  VerboseLog  
		ELSE  standaloneAppl := TRUE;  SilentLog
		END
	END InitLog;
	
	PROCEDURE SilentLog*;
	BEGIN
		Trace.Char := Log2
	END SilentLog;
	
	PROCEDURE VerboseLog*;
	BEGIN
		Trace.Char := Log1
	END VerboseLog;

	
	PROCEDURE Append( VAR a: ARRAY OF CHAR; CONST this: ARRAY OF CHAR );
	VAR i, j: LONGINT;
	BEGIN
		i := 0;  j := 0;  
		WHILE a[i] # 0X DO  INC( i )  END;
		WHILE (i < LEN( a ) - 1) & (this[j] # 0X) DO a[i] := this[j];  INC( i );  INC( j )  END;
		a[i] := 0X
	END Append;
	

	PROCEDURE Init;
	VAR vendor: Vendor; ver: LONGINT;
	BEGIN
		Unix.Dlsym( 0, "thrInitialize",	ADDRESSOF( thrInitialize ) );
		
		Unix.Dlsym( 0, "mtxInit",		ADDRESSOF( mtxInit ) );
		Unix.Dlsym( 0, "mtxDestroy",	ADDRESSOF( mtxDestroy ) );
		Unix.Dlsym( 0, "mtxLock",		ADDRESSOF( mtxLock ) );
		Unix.Dlsym( 0, "mtxUnlock",	ADDRESSOF( mtxUnlock ) );
		
		Unix.Dlsym( 0, "conInit",		ADDRESSOF( conInit ) );
		Unix.Dlsym( 0, "conDestroy",	ADDRESSOF( conDestroy ) );
		Unix.Dlsym( 0, "conWait",		ADDRESSOF( conWait ) );
		Unix.Dlsym( 0, "conSignal",	ADDRESSOF( conSignal ) );
			
		Unix.Dlsym( 0, "thrSleep",	ADDRESSOF( thrSleep ) );
		Unix.Dlsym( 0, "thrThis",		ADDRESSOF( thrThis ) );
		
		standaloneAppl := FALSE;
				
		COPY( Unix.Version, version );  Append( version, Version );
		timer0 := GetTimer( );  ticks := 0;
		InitThreads;
		InitLocks;

		traceHeap := 1 IN Glue.debug;
		InitHeap;
		InitConfig;
		InitLog;
		CPUSpeed;
		
		CPUID( vendor, ver, features, features2 );	 SetupSSE2Ext;
		fcr := (FCR() - {0,2,3,10,11}) + {0..5,8,9};	(* default FCR RC=00B *)
	END Init;

BEGIN
	Init
END Machine.

(*
03.03.1998	pjm	First version
30.06.1999	pjm	ProcessorID moved to AosProcessor
*)

(**
Notes

This module defines an interface to the boot environment of the system. The facilities provided here are only intended for the lowest levels of the system, and should never be directly imported by user modules (exceptions are noted below). They are highly specific to the system hardware and firmware architecture.

Typically a machine has some type of firmware that performs initial testing and setup of the system. The firmware initiates the operating system bootstrap loader, which loads the boot file. This module is the first module in the statically linked boot file that gets control.

There are two more-or-less general procedures in this module: GetConfig and StrToInt. GetConfig is used to query low-level system settings, e.g., the location of the boot file system. StrToInt is a utility procedure that parses numeric strings.

Config strings:

ExtMemSize	Specifies size of extended memory (above 1MB) in MB. This value is not checked for validity. Setting it false may cause the system to fail, possible after running for some time. The memory size is usually detected automatically, but if the detection does not work for some reason, or if you want to limit the amount of memory detected, this string can be set. For example, if the machine has 64MB of memory, this value can be set as ExtMemSize="63".
*)